Deucalion, ruler of Phthia, an ancient city of Thessaly, central Greece, was warned by his father, Prometheus, that the big rains were coming, and advised him to be prepared; build a wooden chest Ark? Deucalion and Pyrrha riding out the Greek Deluge and hoping for the best. Sure enough, the heavens opened, Deucalion and his wife, Pyrrha, took refuge in the chest he had put together and proceeded to be thrown around in turbulent seas for the following nine days and nights, before finally running aground on the highest peak of Mount Parnassus, which overlooks Delphi in central Greece.
Other variations on this story have the couple running aground on Mount Othrys, Thessaly, or Phouka, Argolis, today named Nemea. So relieved to be back on terra firma, Deucalion and Pyrrha, would agree to anything asked of them and so complied, when ordered by Zeus King of the Greek gods , to throw stones over their shoulders, which instantly became people, the stones thrown by Deucalion became men, and the ones thrown by Pyrrha, women, who went on to repopulate Greece.
Hellen eventually had many children himself, including Aeolus, leader of the tribe of Aeolians, Dorus, leader of the tribe of Dorians, Xuthus, leader of the tribe of Achaens and Ion, leader of the tribe of Ionians. Mount Olympus Thessaly — Home of the twelve Greek gods. The Mediterranean land which you might know as the birthplace of Democracy, a state in crisis, or a paradise on Earth because of its stunning beauty has had different names throughout its history.
Zacharia says that there is no correct answer to the origin of the names Greece and Hellas — however their first appearances can be traced. The word Hellene was mentioned for the first time by Homer in the Iliad as a territory near the Esperqueo river, which is still known by that name.
It is also used to referr to the companions of Achilles from this place — a relatively small, but vigorous group of people. These, however, were soon furnished by the Athenians themselves, who began to treat the allied States with great tyranny, and to regard them as subjects, and not as independent States in alliance.
The tribute was raised from to talents, the treasury was removed from Delos to Athens, and the decision of all important suits was referred to the Athenian courts. When any State withdrew from the alliance, its citizens were considered by the Athenians as rebels, and immediately reduced to subjection. The dependent States, anxious to throw off the Athenian dominion, entreated the assistance of Sparta, and thus, in conjunction with other causes, arose the war between Sparta and Athens, which lasted for twenty-seven years B.
It terminated by again placing Sparta at the head of all Greece. Soon after the conclusion of this war, Sparta engaged in a contest with the Persian Empire, which lasted from B. The splendid successes which Agesilaus, the Spartan king, obtained over the Persian troops in Asia Minor, and the manifest weakness of the Persian Empire, which had been already shown by the successful retreat of only ten thousand Greeks from the very heart of the Persian Empire, appear to have induced Agesilaus to entertain the design of overthrowing the Persian monarchy; but he was obliged to return to his native country to defend it against a powerful confederacy, which had been formed by the Corinthians, Thebans, Argives, Athenians, and Thessalians, for the purpose of throwing off the Spartan dominion.
The confederates were not, however, successful in their attempt; and the Spartan supremacy was again secured for a brief period by a general peace, made B. Ten years afterwards, the rupture between Thebes and Sparta began, which led to a general war in Greece, and for a short time gave Thebes the hegemony of Hellas. The greatness of Thebes was principally owing to the wisdom and valour of two of her sons--Pelopidas and Epaminondas.
After the death of Epaminondas at the battle of Mantinea, B. The Spartan supremacy was, however, wholly destroyed, and her power still further humbled by the restoration of Messenia to independence, B. From the conclusion of this war to the reign of Philip of Macedon, Greece remained without any ruling power. It is only necessary here to mention the part which Philip took in the Sacred War, which lasted ten years B. The Athenians, urged on by Demosthenes, made an alliance with the Thebans for the purpose of resisting Philip; but their defeat at Chaeronea, B.
In the same year a congress of Grecian States was held at Corinth, in which Philip was chosen general-in-chief of the Greeks in a projected war against the Persian Empire; but his assassination in B.
The conquests of Alexander extended the Grecian influence over the greater part of Asia west of the Indus. After his death the dominion of the East was contested by his generals, and two powerful empires were permanently established--that of the Ptolemies in Egypt and the Seleucidae in Syria. The dominions of the early Syrian kings embraced the greater part of Western Asia; but their Empire was soon divided into various independent kingdoms, such as that of Bactria and Pergamus, in all of which the Greek language was spoken, not merely at court, but to a considerable extent in the cities.
From the death of Alexander to the Roman conquest, Macedon remained the ruling power in Greece. The Aetolian and Achaean leagues were formed, the former B. Macedonia was conquered by the Romans B. This, however, was merely nominal; for they only exchanged the rule of the Macedonian kings for that of the Roman people; and in B.
The history of Greece, from this period, forms part of that of the Roman Empire. Greece is located in the northern and eastern hemispheres. With a latitude of This point is in a place called Ormenio.
In the south, Greece extends as far as Gavdos Island, near Crete. The easternmost point of Greece is an island in the Mediterranean Sea called the Islet of Strongyli, which is part of the archipelago, Megistis. The most extreme position in western Greece is a small island in the Ionian Sea by the name of Othonoi.
It also happens to be the most significant island in terms of square mileage among the Diapontia islands.
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