In this excellent book, Jonathan Colman takes the revisionist case for seeing President Lyndon Johnson's foreign policy in a generally positive light far further than other writers in the field. Sign In or Create an Account. Advanced Search. User Tools. Sign In. Skip Nav Destination Article Navigation. Close mobile search navigation Article navigation. Volume 22, Issue 1. Previous Article Next Article.
Article Navigation. A month after the Tet Offensive came New Hampshire, the site of the first presidential primary: McCarthy ran astoundingly well against the beleaguered President, winning 41 percent of the vote, and John F. Kennedy's brother Robert entered the race as well. A few weeks later, Johnson stunned the nation by announcing that he would not seek another term as President.
A terrible spring and summer ensued. The murders of Martin Luther King and Robert Kennedy and a bloody confrontation between police and protesters at the Democratic Convention in Chicago sent shock waves through the nation. Just weeks before the elections, Johnson announced a halt in the bombings of North Vietnam in a desperate attempt to portray his administration as peacemakers. In the fall, Richard Nixon won the presidency, defeating the Democratic nominee, Hubert Humphrey, by claiming he had a "secret plan" to end the conflict.
Meanwhile, the war dragged on. The Vietnam War cut short the promise of the Great Society. Democrats took large losses in the midterm elections of , though they retained majorities in the House and Senate.
By late , Johnson could no longer get most of his domestic measures through Congress. Although Johnson's relationship with the Soviets was colored by the Vietnam War, the President nonetheless made some progress on arms control. In January , Johnson signed the Outer Space Treaty with Soviet Premier Aleksei Kosygin, which banned nuclear weapons in earth orbit, on the moon or other planets, or in deep space.
In , the U. The two sides agreed to defuse tensions in the area. Johnson faced a series of minor crises in Latin America, all of which he handled to maximize U. When Fidel Castro, the Cuban Communist dictator, demanded the return of Guantanamo Naval Base and shut off the water to the installation, Johnson had the Navy create its own water supply. The Cubans backed down. And when Panamanians rioted against U. The blemish on Johnson's record in the region occurred in the Dominican Republic.
Johnson backed an unpopular right-wing politician, Reid Cabral, who had taken power over the popularly elected Juan Bosch in A civil insurrection designed to restore Bosch was quelled when Johnson sent in 20, Marines. Later, troops from the Organization of American States replaced the Marines. But Johnson had not simply sent in forces to protect American lives and property, he had done so to quell what he described as "a band of communist conspirators.
Bosch, although a left-winger, was neither a Communist nor a Castro follower, and the move was highly unpopular in Latin America because of the history of U. Grant Rutherford B. Hayes James A. Garfield Chester A. In Colman's depiction, the Johnson administration made significant strides in shoring up the South's ability to defend itself, even into , but was ultimately unable to devise a politically acceptable military game plan that would bring North Vietnam to the negotiating table.
As Colman moves beyond Vietnam, he claims to provide "perhaps the most sympathetic general account today of Johnson's foreign policies" p. He generally portrays the diplomacy of the Johnson administration as incremental rather than visionary and reactive rather than deliberate and anticipatory. Emphasizing the constraints on Johnson's actions, Colman seeks to explain the lack of more formidable diplomatic accomplishments—not only that Vietnam dominated the president's time and attention but also that the U.
Colman argues that Johnson's greatest diplomatic successes involved dealing with the challenges of the North Atlantic Treaty Organization NATO "in ways that left the alliance more unified in than in " p.
In trying to prevent war between Greece and Turkey in the gathering crisis over Cyprus in , Johnson's administration was ultimately unable to broker a negotiated solution.
However, through U. Johnson failed to prevent Britain's withdrawal from East of Suez or Charles de Gaulle's withdrawal from NATO's integrated military command, [End Page ] but his diplomacy was infused with a willingness to bow gracefully to the inevitable.
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